Economic class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic class - Essay Example The models fitted well into the turnarain framework while the attention [paid to the link between market forces and institutional development made a richer discussion. The emphasis on foreign and external demand sources to trigger growth has much more appeal that those explanations that are based upon supply forces and that seem to lack a starting mechanism. Regional specialization and possibilities for inter-regional trade in the antebellum Unites States have intrigued economists and historians alike. The works of Douglass C. North have stimulated a lot of research on the location and the growth of industries and populations. The issue of economics of slavery complemented the study of regional development. Discussion revolves around Southern development, both in the agricultural and manufacturing sector, with particular attention being paid to the question to which the south was successful or could have been successful in feeding itself as well as producing staples for export. The e vidence collected by various researchers indicated that the south was largely independent of the western food supplies (Herbst Lawarence 1975, 264-270). The basic model used by North bares resemblance to that by Innis as the "staple

Market Research and Marketing Research Essay Example for Free

Market Research and Marketing Research Essay Research is the process of gathering, processing and analyzing information on markets. The scope of such research is limited to the study of markets and does not include studies on the brand or product to be marketed. Market research is a subset of marketing research. Marketing Research is the process of gathering, processing and analyzing information for the purpose of marketing a product. It includes, but is not limited to market research. Marketing research extends to other areas of marketing activity like: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Studies on consumer behavior Brand and positioning research Research on product and packaging Research on communication strategies and advertising channels and their effectiveness Studies on sales promotion strategies and effects of discounts and sales promotion strategies on customer buying and consumption habits 6. Brand perception studies 1 Difference between Qualitative vs. Quantitative 2 Importance of Marketing Research The importance of marketing research in management extends to intelligent decision making, maximizing profits, increasing the sales, minimizing the risks and ascertaining whether a new product will be profitable in a given market at a given time. What is Marketing Research? This research can be defined as the process of gathering recording and analyzing the data related to certain products and services. This need for market research is derived from the concept that only by understanding the needs and wants of the target audience and by effectively meeting them, you will be able to achieve the organizational goals and surpass the competition n the specific market. Thus, arises the need to collect data about the customers, competitors, and other forces in the marketplace. This data in turn is collected and analyzed to make relevant marketing decisions, be it in relation to setting up a business, developing a product, creating a brand or coming up with an advertising campaign. What is t he Importance of Marketing Research? To Make Marketing Decisions: This research helps the marketers to make a decision about the product or service. Sometimes a marketer might believe that the new product or service is useful for the customers. However, research may show that customers do not need a product or are meeting their needs with a certain competitor product and so on. Similarly good research strives to provide options for the successful introduction of new products and services. This makes the market entry of a new product or service less risky. Survive the Competition: Marketing research helps in ascertaining and understanding competitor information such as their identity, marketing network, customer focus and scale of operations. This helps in surviving and in certain cases, even leaving behind the competition. Moreover, with market research you can also help understand the under-served consumer segments and consumer needs that have not 3 been met. Helps to Decide Target Markets: Research helps provide customer information in terms of their location, age, buying behavior and gender. This helps the marketers zero in on the target markets and customers for their products and services. Maximize Profits: Apart from profit maximizing steps such as item optimization, customer profitability analysis, and price elasticity, marketing research allows you to find out methods that can help you maximize profits. For example, a products price elasticity research can help you ascertain the impact of an increased price on the sales and the profits of a product. This emphasis on profitability also helps the companys focus to shift from maximizing sales to increasing the profits of a company. This helps the company survive in the long run and maximize its profits. Increasing the Sales: Increasing the sales of your products or services helps a company in maximizing its profits. By understanding the customers needs, wants and attitude towards the products and determining whether your products fit the bill, marketers can increase their sales. This helps in not only increasing the sales to the target customers and people already using the product but also converting the non users into customers for the product. With an understanding of the customer, competitors, products and the overall industry needs, this research can equip the management with the power to make better decisions. However, the importance of marketing research is limited to just being a marketing tool that helps you make an informed decision. So rather than basing all your management decisions on a customer survey, use this tool as a guide and supplement it with intelligent decision making.

Character Analysis Of Kino From the Pearl :: essays research papers

Kino, a character from the story "The Pearl," is a prime example of a developing character. From the start through to the end, he develops drastically. At the beginning, he was thought out to be a good loyal husband but as time went on he became a selfish, greedy person who would do anything for money.When the story began Kino seemed to be a good husband who wanted nothing more than to be able to support his family. After a scorpion had stung Coyotito, Kino prayed that he would find a pearl not to become a rich man but so that he could pay the doctor to heal the baby, as he would not work free.After Kino had spent long hard hours searching the ocean floor, he finally found the pearl he had worked for. At first when he found it, he only wanted to pay the doctor to cure Coyotito. However as time passed he began to think of all the things that he could acquire with the money form the pearl and began to develop greed and selfishness. When people asked him what he would buy now that he was a rich man, he was quick to list several items that came to his mind. One of these items was a rifle. Kino wanted a rifle because he wanted to show power over the rest of his village.When Kino took the pearl to the pearl buyers to sell, he was offered one thousand pesos. Kino declined that offer claiming that his pearl was "The Pearl of the World." By reacting in such a manner he yet again demonstrates his greed. It is not about saving Coyotito anymore, for he is already feeling well, it is now about the money. Although one thousand pesos was more money than Kino had ever seen he demanded that he would get fifty thousand pesos.Later in the text, Kino discovers Juana trying to destroy the pearl, causing Kino to become very angry, and resulted in him beating her. Although Juana was in very much pain she accepted the beating as if it were a punishment and stayed with Kino. A while later Kino was attacked by another man who wanted the pearl for himself and defended his pearl by killing the man. It is around this point in the story where Kino displays his greatest point of greed and selfishness.

Feminism in Pop Culture

Many myths and misconceptions float around the term ‘Feminism’. It is a movement that is frequently projected as being violent, aggressive, and full of ‘bra burning’ extremists. The word alone often evokes reactions among people that are negative, uncomplimentary and stereotypical. The disturbing of the patriarchal paradigm was a phenomenon that became prominent only in the Twentieth Century. Historically speaking women have always numerically outnumbered men, but through the system of patriarchy they have been suppressed by political, economic and social machinery. The difference between Gender and Sex When trying to examine feminism we must keep in mind the subtle difference between ‘gender’ and ‘sex’. For example, if a man were to dress or behave like a woman, it would not change the fact that he is still biologically a man, and here is where the difference lies. When we use the term ‘gender’, we are referring to a social construct, a store knowledge that has developed over generations that helps us in our identification of a person as a man or a woman. A person’s sex on the other hand is purely biological. A primary argument of feminist theory is that arbitrary allocations such as this that are constructs of society are completely devoid of any genuine value. Thus the duty of feminism, in one sense, involves the subversion of existing patriarchal paradigms by questioning phallocentric, or penis-centred, sources of power. Patriarchy and the Woman The term ‘Patriarchy’ itself can be broadly defined as an ideological system of belief that privileges males over females. This is a complex system that employs androcentric values, rituals and practices in order to maintain status quo. Another means of control involves patriarchy passing itself off as the so-called ‘norm’ or the ‘right’ way in which a society must divide itself, and regards the Female as a departure from this ‘norm’ and treats her as ‘the other’, a notion that only reinforces the sharp cleavage between the two sexes. As a result of this treatment, the decisions of a society are based on whatever the man decides, whereas everything else is lumped together as ‘the other’, the Female. It is however ironic that patriarchy itself requires the co-operation of the Female in order to subjugate her, making her a willing participant in her own suppression. As the French feminist Simone de Beauvoir put it so aptly in her seminal book, ‘The Second Sex’, published in 1949, ‘One is not born, but rather becomes a woman. ’, a statement that raises our consciousness to the disparity between the male ‘norm’ and the female ‘other’. It was indeed French Feminism that first brought to light the fact that all western languages are irredeemably male-engendered, male constituted and male-dominated. Discourse itself is phallocentric as seen in its vocabulary, syntax, rules of logic and its tendency for classification and opposition as well as the need for objective knowledge. Definitions of Feminist Literary Criticism There are multiple definitions that can be applied to Feminist Literary criticism. It differs from other schools of critical theory in that it does not derive its literary principles from a single authoritative figure or from a body of sacred texts. This is quite unlike other approaches such as Psychoanalysis, Marxism or Deconstruction, which can all be attributed to their primary exponents, Freud, Marx and Derrida respectively. Feminist theory has evolved from several sources, with several feminist thinkers contributing to the canon. Moreover, critical theory used in readings of Woman’s literature borrows from other disciplines such as History, Anthropology, Linguistics, Psychoanalysis and Marxism. It was a form of criticism created by literary and academic women who participated in the women’s liberation movement in the late 1960s. Kate Millet’s book, ‘Sexual Politics’ (1870) was the first major treatise on feminist criticism, and also represented a strong political argument for women’s rights. The Dictionary of Concepts in Literary Criticism and Theory defines Feminist Criticism as ‘The understanding and analysis of and response to literary works, and/or language and/or the institution of literary study or theory from the point of view of women’s experience. ’ â€Å"Feminist Criticism†, says Elaine Showalter, in her book ‘New Feminist Criticism’, â€Å"has established gender as a fundamental category of literary analysis. † Her article, ‘Dancing through the Minefield’ has also made some observations on the politics and practice of feminist criticism. She also points out that the earlier groups of feminist critics were preoccupied with the gender bias in writing, whereas the later group of gynocritics studied women as writers. Another columnist, Annette Kolodny, defines feminist criticism as â€Å"An acute and impassioned attentiveness to the ways in which primarily male structures of power are encoded within our literary inheritance, and the consequences of that encoding for women†¦ not only for a better understanding of the past but also for an improved recording of the present and the future. This form of criticism, as a self-aware and concerted approach to literature came into being in the late 1960s, as a part of the international woman’s movement. One of the first areas it looked into and challenged was literature, where it was always assumed that the representative reader, writer and critic were all male. The historical background and watershed marks in Feminist Criticism Behind the movement in the 1960s, however, lay two centuries of struggle, represented only by a few texts such as Mary Wollstonecraft’s ‘The vindication of the Rights of Women’ (1792). A later book, this time by John Stuart Mill, ‘The Subjection of Women’ (1869) was also brought to the fore. It suggested that the Wife was a family’s source of sustenance, and therefore the empowerment of the generations could be achieved only by empowering The Woman. The next seminal work in Feminist Criticism was penned by Virginia Woolf in 1929. Called ‘A Room of One’s Own’, the book talked about the major directions in which feminist explorations of literature needed to develop. The book is rich with insights about the absence of women writers and readers, and the probable fate to which the hypothetical ‘Sister of Shakespeare’, blessed with equal or greater genius, would have been consigned to thanks to socio-cultural obstacles of the age. In it, Woolf’s contention is that ‘A woman must have money and a room (referring to space, privilege and opportunity) of her own if she is to write [fiction]. † Other significant books include Toril Moi’s ‘Sexual/Textual Politics’ (1985) and Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s ‘No Mans Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the 20th Century’. These texts introduced the principles of feminist literary theory to the world. Their purpose was to offer feminist readings of texts that looked at the images and the stereotypes of women in literature as well as the omissions and misconceptions about women in criticism and ‘women-as-sign’ in semiotic systems. This kind of criticism concerns itself with developing a specifically female framework for dealing with works written by women, in all aspects of their production, including analysis and interpretation in ll literary forms and expressions, including journalism and popular culture, like Patricia Mayers-Spack’s ‘The Female Imagination’, Ellen Moer’s ‘Literary Women’, Elaine Showalter’s ‘A Literature of their Own: British Women Novelists from Bronte to Lessing’, or Gilbert and Gubar’s ‘The Mad Woman in the Attic’, a reference to Bertha Mason, who is ‘usually in some sense the author ’s double, (the other) an image of her own anxiety and rage. ’ Through the women’ liberation movement, literary criticism drew a connection between the lived lives of thousands of women who studied and taught literature. An important area of research was the limited secondary roles of fictional heroines and other feminine stereotypes in canonical literature. The Role of Feminist Criticism Feminist criticism, developing in tandem with the women’s liberation movement brought in a dual perspective that brought about a reappraisal of texts, looked at the construction of gender through language and the gendering of text, and examined the representation of women in literature and the exclusion of women as fictional characters, authors and readers. As far as literature is concerned, the role of Feminist criticism was to look at canonical literary works and the manner in which they represent women as stereotypes, and to develop theories for sexual differences in reading, writing and literary interpretation. It brings to the fore and establishes ‘gender’ as a fundamental category of literary analysis, and takes into account the fact that the vast majority of what is conceded to be the ‘literary canon’ is by and large authored by men, based on masculine norms and values, and women’s writing therefore is either excluded or undervalued in canonical literature, criticism and theory. Feminist critics also look at the representation of female experiences in literature. They reason that because a major aspect of literature is the reporting of our biological sense experiences, it would be impossible for the male to authentically capture an entirely feminine experience such as menstruation or childbirth. Feminist criticism also bases itself on two other primary assumptions: That gender is constructed through language (by way of political incorrect words and phrases such as ‘chairman’, ‘male nurse’ or ‘actor and actress’), and that writing strategies are sex-related and therefore misogynistic. Feminist criticism also shows that women readers, critics and writers bring different perceptions and expectations to their literary experiences, and insist that women have important stories to tell of their own culture. This kind of criticism opened space that now extended beyond the study of only women writers and now included the reappraisal of all literature that makes up our heritage. Feminist critics look at literary representation of sexual differences, and how literature shapes masculine and feminine values, privileging one set over another. The aim of feminist criticism therefore becomes to re-examine male texts, emphasize writing by women by charting a new literary history that includes neglected texts, a female tradition created by a sub-community of women writers who found support from their literary foremothers and so become role models for younger female writers. They also look at the oral tradition and other extra-literary expressions. Another aim involves the creation of new reading and writing collectives, libraries, publishing houses, social centres, colleges and so on. Feminist criticism confronts the problem of the feminist reader by offering new methods and fresh critical evaluation of issues, such as the mother-daughter cultural and relational aspect. Another major concern of Gynocritics is to identify what is taken to be distinctly feminine subject matter in literature written by women, the idea of sisterhood and female bonding, domesticity, gestation, birth, motherhood, mother-daughter or woman-woman relationships, etc. They also undertake to show that there is a distinctive feminine mode of experience or subjectivity in thinking, feeling, valuing and perceiving the self and others. French Feminism Related to this is the specification of the traits of women’s language and its distinctive style of speech and writing. Women must write in a way in which they can avoid the pitfalls of phallocentric language mentioned earlier, in a style represented by the term ‘ecriture feminine’ or writing in the feminine, a concept that was a product of French feminism. Helene Cixous, its main exponent, credited with authoring its manifesto, ‘The Laugh of Medusa’ (1975), stated that ecriture feminine is to be found in metaphors of female sexuality and women’s libidinal differences. Another critic, Luce Irigary, talks about women’s writing and its evasion of the male monopoly by replacing the monolithic phallus by the diversity, fluidity and multiple possibilities represented by female sexuality. These critics believe that women must try to resurrect the ‘feminine-feminine’ which possibly lies in the unconscious of all women. Julia Kristeva speaks of a pre-natal, pre-linguistic, pre-oedipal and unsystematic signifying language between the mother and the infant centred on the mother that she labels as semiotic and abstract, as opposed to the symbolic or letter based language of the father. Semiotic writing disrupts phallocentric writing because it is free from oppressive order and rationality. Both men and women can write in this mode, which deconstructs masculine structures of knowledge and attacks patriarchy and its language. The overall aim of ecriture feminine is therefore to allow a woman to write of, from and about their bodies. French feminist theory has contributed significantly to feminist literary criticism by studying the relationship between women, psychology and language. Currently feminist criticism employs a wide range of approaches and addresses a variety of issues of feminist interest. This is called ‘Playful Pluralism’. The oft-asserted goal of feminist critics has been to enlarge and re-order, or in some cases entirely displace the (patriarchal) literary canon. Feminist studies have served to raise the stakes of many female authors who were erstwhile neglected or even overlooked.

Theme of Responsibility in the Sun Also Rises

Brett Ashley, the main female character, renounces responsibility of her actions regarding romance by her refusal to face the suffering she causes. Finally, a primary method these characters use to excuse their irresponsibility is by Indulging in their alcoholism. This group of people believes that there Is nothing they can do to change their current state of discontent, thus ultimately renouncing their responsibility to themselves. Jake Barney's Irresponsibility manifests In his relationship with others, be It friends or acquaintances.Early in the novel Jake introduces Robert Cohn as his reined. However, he does not take this responsibility of a friend very seriously. When Jake, Cohn and Francis are in a cafe, Jake does not acknowledge the relationship between Francis and Cohn, and proceeds to talk about a trip with Cohn to Strasbourg with a guide girl who is just â€Å"swell† (14). That Jake needs Cohn to explain why the subject is touchy around Francis demonstrates the lack of care Jake has towards Cohn. A friend would understand Conn's situation and avoid topics that could cause inconvenience to him.This uncaring attitude is further portrayed when it is shown hat It Is Sake's plan to get rid of Cohn by offering him a drink as a â€Å"graceful exit† (19) when he needs to clear his head after the drink. Even more telling than the last two events Is the fact that when Cohn and Francis are having a row about Cohn not marrying her, Jake Just sits there and watches. When Francis Is verbally abusing Cohn, Jake does not â€Å"even feel an impulse to try and stop it† (56), he doesn't care that his friend is being attacked nor does it bother him.Sake's only response to the fiasco between Francis and Cohn was that â€Å"there is nothing [he] can do† (55). This cold attitude is evident throughout the novel and reveals that Jake is indeed an irresponsible friend. Moreover, Sake's interactions with acquaintances such as Aggregate and Mrs.. Bra dford further reinforce this characteristic Irresponsibility. When Jack encounters Aggregate Hobble, they are Invited to dance with Mrs.. Breadboard's group. He Introduces Aggregate as his fiance and as Aggregate Labeled, a famous singer, poking fun at both Mrs..Bravado's and Aggregate. With this Introduction he makes fun of both Mrs.. Breadboard's naivetà ©, and Surrogate's lack of importance. The introduction expansible person would not have lied about another person without a warning. This action displays a high level of carelessness and irresponsibility. Although Jake is a sensitive person; he often treats others as inconsequential objects. This is why he often acts so irresponsibly. Beret's romantic interactions between different men reveal another sense of irresponsibility written in the novel.Brett is a beautiful classy woman and is the center of the conflict in this story. She is the primary cause of tension between the characters, but she refuses to acknowledge her part in this conflict. In the cab ride he shares with Jake, she confesses that she feels â€Å"miserable† (32) and that she is going through â€Å"hell† (34), but her actions show no remorse over what she has done. For example, she repeatedly professes that she loves Jake but oftentimes scorns him immediately after.The repetition of such an act begs to question whether she really loves Jake or feels responsible for his pain, as every time she rejects him she hurts him. Even though her upcoming marriage with Mike seems to be the manifestation of a responsible romance, she never writes back to Mike and still approaches Roomer despite her supposed commitment. Furthermore, even though Brett is going to marry Mike, she never says that she loves him. She mentions to Jake that she â€Å"haven't thought about him for weeks† (69) implies that she does not really care for him.Further in the novel Brett states that she hates Conn's â€Å"damn suffering† (186) as if she did not know she was the cause of it. It reflects that even though she causes pain for others, she hates to feel bad about it. This being the case, Jake is the perfect target for Brett because he suffers through her manipulation but never shows it to her. This allows her to cast off her part of the responsibility for his pain. Brett also states that she has â€Å"never been able to help anything† (187), suggesting that she feels that she has no control over how she manipulates the men around her.She does not take the blame for the results of her actions, and casts off her responsibility. Near the end, Roomer gifts a severed bull's ear to Brett. Brett then proceeds to hide it in a drawer and never sees it again. Roomer's act of cutting off the bull's ear is similar to the act of castration which is exactly what Brett does to the men around her. By disposing of the ears it demonstrates how little she cares for what she has done to Jake and Cohn and reveals how Brett is unwilling t o take responsibility and face the gruesome results of her cruel manipulations.The characters in this novel consume alcohol whenever the situation allows, and it is used as an excuse for much of their irresponsibility. Several characters use drunkenness to Justify their inappropriate actions. Brett comes to Sake's house early in the morning and wakes him up for trivial matters. She also misses her appointment with Jake later in the novel because is drunk. Jake wasn't Just the victim though, Jake is happy to be drunk at the dance party with Aggregate because it lets IM be more careless as well as more impulsive in regards to Cohn Prettiness's Mrs..

In What Ways Does Frankenstein Complicate the Romanticist Essays

In What Ways Does Frankenstein Complicate the Romanticist Essays In What Ways Does Frankenstein Complicate the Romanticist Paper In What Ways Does Frankenstein Complicate the Romanticist Paper Romanticist Conceptions of Creativity and Individualism? Make Reference to Frankincense and at Least One Other Romanticist Text. By caliph In what ways does Frankincense complicate the Romanticist conceptions of creativity and Individualism? Make reference to Frankincense and at least one other Romanticist text. Mary Shelley novel, Frankincense, complies with all the fundamental principles associated with Romanticism; use of the supernatural and sublime, especially with regards for nature, thus leading to pantheism, compassion and a sense of morality awards humankind, Individual freedom and rebellion against contextual societal constraints. Shelley, however, defies the Romantic principle of Individual creativity, evident from the constant references to authentic Romantic works such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (which will be referred to as The Rime throughout this essay) and the works of William Wordsmith. At the start of his Preface to Lyrical Ballads, Wordsmith asserts, Those thoughts and feelings which, by his own choice, or from the structure of his own mind, arise In IM without Immediate external excitement. (Wordsmith, W. (1800). Preface to Lyrical Ballads (2nd deed. )) Wordsmith then, is implying that Romantic texts were the sole creation of their author; spawned from an emotive response to a memory or observation and nurtured to become a fully fledged, legitimate piece of authorship. Shelley however, defies Wordsmiths theories on creativity, by building her story around existing texts. It Is of importance to note that Frankincense follows a very similar story to The Rime, In that It tells the tale of an essentially virtuous person who omits what Is seen by society as a sin, and Is therefore forced to endure a period of suffering and torment until they can repent for their sins. In effect, both texts depict a moral journey involving duality of the human psyche, with the sinners having to weigh up both halves of their conscience. As such, it is suspicious to say the least, that Shelley references The Rime several times throughout the novel, I am going to unexplored regions, to the land of mist and snow; but I shall kill no albatross. (Shelley, M. (1818). Frankincense. United States of America: Norton). Shelley obviously was familiar with the work of Coleridge and therefore It would seem logical to conclude that she borrowed the idea for the basic story from The Rime, thereby making it obvious that she did not remain aligned to the fundamental principle of individual creativity. Furthermore, the character of Dry. Frankincense can be compared to Shelley herself when studying the creative aspects of Frankincense. It can be said that the two In fact Inlet can toners role In society contextual to ten early Tint century, As Violator moves into the female space of the womb, an act of creation aped by the Gods in hydrology and religion, Mary Shelley as author moves into the male domain of art, aping the creative power of the Gods. (Bush, R. (1996 2003). The deification of creativity in relation to Frankincense. Retrieved December 2007, from http:// www. Middlebrow. Com/marshes/bush. SHTML). This reversal of roles is, from one respect, remaining in accord with Romantic ideologies in that one fundamental principle of Romanticism is a struggle for freedom and a rebellion against societal constraints. Mary Shelley stays true to that aim by usurping stereotypical gender oleos. However, Shelley reversal of roles is a contradiction with Hardworking Romanticism because, according to Wordsmith, authorship is a field which should be left entirely to men, To whom does he address himself? And what language is to be expected from him? (Wordsmith, W. (1800). Preface to Lyrical Ballads (2nd deed. )). Here Wordsmith is referring to the collective poet, and it is clear from his use of the male personal pronoun that he believed authorship is a masculine occupation. Further in keeping with Romantic dogma, Shelley uses the art of creativity imbibed with the archetypal Hardworking idea of using memories and the imagination, in order to conform with Romanticism by creating supernatural and sublime landscapes, We perceived that the valley through which we wound Loses in upon us by degrees; and when the sun had set, we beheld immense mountains and precipices overhanging us on every side, and heard the sound of the river raging among the rocks, and the dashing of waterfalls around. (Shelley, M. (1818). Frankincense. United States of America: Norton). This passage depicts the sublime landscapes surrounding the valley of Champions. Shelley had been there previously and as such, was able to call upon memories for creative inspiration. This type of creativity is also upheld by Wordsmith, For our continued influxes of feeling are modified and directed by our thoughts, which are indeed the representatives of all our past feelings. (Wordsmith, W. (1800). Preface to Lyrical Ballads (2nd deed. )). It would appear therefore, that Shelley is keeping Romantic conceptions of creativity quite uncomplicated by adopting a creative process with which people were familiar. However, the above quoted passage contains a lot of negative description with geared to the appearance of the valley. Words like closed in, raging and dashing give rise to an image unlike the usual perceptions when the word nature is considered. Interestingly, this idea is also adopted by Coleridge in The Rime, Mea, slimy things did crawl with legs/Upon the slimy sea. /About, about, in reel and rout/ The death-fires danced at night ;/The water, like a witchs oils,/Burnt green, and blue and white. (Coleridge, S. T. (1857). The Rime of the Ancient Mariner). This technique incorporates another Romantic principle, pantheism. Since the two characters who are narrating these passages (Dry. Frankincense in Frankincense and the Mariner in The Rime) have committed sins against humanity, they are punished by not being able to appreciate the beauty of nature and thereby becoming detached from God, hence the sublime becomes a useful alternative because, synonymous with Burkes theories, the sublime invokes negative emotions in those who behold it. The subtitle of Shelley novel, Or the Modern Prometheus, offers wide scope for speculation as to the nature of Shelley use of the Prometheus myth. On the one nana, It can De valley Tanat Snell NAS gall Drowned ten DSSSL story Trot another tutor and twisted it to make it her own, thus defying Romantic conceptions. However, it could be argued that Shelley is in fact demonstrating her creative individualism by re-examining and emphasizing an aspect of the Prometheus myth which was often neglected; the need of a child to be nurtured so that it might become virtuous, for without an affectionate upbringing in harmony with nature, humans can, as Rousseau theorists, become corrupted. Furthermore, Shelley use of the Prometheus myth contributes to her own complication of individual creativity. If she is taking Prometheus to be the archetypal orator, working autonomously to create a masterpiece, then she has offered a direct contradiction to her own efforts. Shelley can be seen to be promoting an attack on Promethean Romanticism, as Hardworking Romanticism would be, by her creation of a modern Prometheus, Dry. Frankincense. He in some respects represents Shelley in that he usurps societal constraints by creating a masculine womb, much like Shelley usurps Romantic conventions, firstly because she is a female author and secondly, because she defies simple principles of Romanticism by displaying intellectuality within the creation of her novel. With regards to individualism, perhaps it is the character of Dry. Frankincense who inhibits the most individualistic traits. In his exploits, moving away from his family and practically disassociating himself with society whilst in Inconstant, he demonstrates the disastrous consequences of what too much individualism can do. With absolutely no compassion for humanity, he creates and unleashes his monster, who is to perform the most atrocious acts of inhumanity. Frankincenses ultimate and most dangerous freedom lies in that he is free to consider only his own ambition, (Kale, R. Frankincense: A Warning Against Masculine Individualistic Freedom. Retrieved December 2007 from Alberta. Ca/?administrable/ Commentaries/Chalked. HTML) and it is this ambition which eventually causes his moral dilemma; whether he should recognize his duties towards society and nurture the Monster as a son or ignore his own progeny and essentially corrupt it. This extreme individualism contradicts the ideal individualism associated with Romanticism; perhaps spending too much time alone without human interaction, or interaction from other authors in the case of Shelley, will result in a disregard for what is morally erect. Shelley text seems to thrive off the influential texts attributed to its creation, and in fact Shelley expresses the possibility that authors can be used to educate and further somebody talent with the Monsters self education using a copy of Millions Paradise Lost, which he found in a bag, But Paradise Lost excited different and far deeper emotions T moved every feeling of wonder and awe. (Frankincense. Page 87). Here, Shelley is likening reading a fantastic work of literature to the Hardworking descriptions of dreams and memories. As such, it is fair to say that Shelley creates a lace in the creation of a novel for intellectuality, which appears as important as the authors own experiences and imagination. Individuality , it seems, is less important to Shelley than it is to traditional Romanticists and she therefore complicates the principles of Romanticism once more; taking attitudes towards one subject, dreams, and applying them to a different subject, literature. 0 conclude, senseless tattletales towards Romantic conceptions AT Multilingualism Ana creativity, whilst contradicting the fundamental principles of the two ideas, also helped to make Frankincense an everlasting Romantic masterpiece. Whilst defying one principle, she simultaneously complied with another, disregard for societal constraints and a struggle for freedom. Therefore she played off two major Romantic themes against one another. Through her novel, she was able to successfully demonstrate the importance of intellectuality alongside that of the authors own imagination, be it conscious or unconscious (dreaming). There mere fact that the basis for the Frankincense story came to her in a dream, during a period of bad weather, is evidence to support her belief that dreams and experiences are a key aspect to writing a praiseworthy work of literature, since she included these occurrences within the novel. It is fair to assert that Frankincense does not so much complicate Romanticist conventions of individualism and creativity as build upon the foundations set down by preceding literary texts. The constant references to other texts is emphatic of the observation that Shelley does not claim all the ideas in the novel to be her own, but draws upon their finer points and deeper philosophical meanings. This point is in fact laid out in writing within the novel, The opinions which naturally spring from the character and situation of the hero are by no means to be conceived as existing always in my own conviction; nor is any interference Justly to be drawn from the following pages as prejudicing any philosophical doctrine of whatever kind. (Frankincense. Page 6). This extract from the preface supports the claim that Shelley did not adopt other authors ideas as her own and she did not favor any particular ethics when it came to writing her novel. Shelley has, in the creation of this fantastic work of literature, created a different branch of Romanticism to that adhered to by Wordsmith.

International Fragmentation of Production

International Fragmentation of Production Introduction Over recent decades, a more heightened integration of the world economy has been developed. An overall surge in the trade quotient has been realized in most developed countries. This is because of the trade liberalization and a greater willingness to participate in the global economy. According to Shenkar and Luo (2004), the other reason cited is that the production has now largely been affected by trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Fragmentation of Production specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is in the sense that production of goods is done in more than one sequential stage where two or more countries are involved in providing a value added advantage during the production. Hence, both import and export are involved in the process. On a similar note, surging competition in the global economy has compelled producers of some products, to look for alternatives beyond their borders to l ower the costs of production. According to Grimwade (2000) perspective, the increasing integration of global markets has compelled the separation of the production process in that service or manufacturing performed abroad have become part of a joint production process, meshing with complementary activities performed in the home country. This has brought about fragmentation of production. Ways in which Fragmentation of Production takes place Hummels and Yi (2001) define fragmentation as a process whereby a previously integrated production procedure or process is sliced and spread over a global network of production sites. Production tasks are synchronized in a fragmented segment. Therefore, this creates additional costs for services such as transport of goods between production locations and quality control, among others. The process in which fragmentation of production takes place globally is varied. Perhaps, this is why the concept has been described using various terms such as out sourcing, delocalization of production and vertical specialization among other terms. However, as Shenkar and Luo (2004) argue, the concept behind fragmentation is that countries are increasingly connected to produce goods. Hence, through this process, goods are produced in more than one sequential stage. And, more than one country may provide a value added during the production process. At some point, the producing country must utilize the imported inputs during the stages of production.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons for Fragmentation of Production Fragmentation of production is not a new phenomenon. The practice began during the industrial revolution or even earlier. However, in recent time, the practice has become global. The reasons for its widespread use are varied. According to Arndt and Kierzkowski (2001) fragmentation has not only altered the trad e flow quantitatively, but also qualitatively. This has occurred because of various reasons. The first reason is that, goods are produced in two or more sequential stages; second, two or more countries are involved during the process of production. Hence, involving more than one country during the production process strengthens value and quality of the final product. And lastly, in production, at least one country need to import the inputs in the production stage and some of the resulting output must be exported. They further contend that vertical specialization is a factor which has led to the increase in world trade (Yi, 2003). This happens because fragmentation serves as a growth instrument that aims at reducing the trade tariff. In this sense, fragmentation erases the linearity of trade growth by decreasing the tariffs. Vertical specialization has encouraged the growth of off- shoring and global outsourcing in manufacturing; this has been encouraged by decreased non-tariff and t ariff trade barriers. A Tariff cut produces a higher ratio of non-linear response of trade in a form of multiple phases of production since trade liberation affects distinct stages of production. According to Yi (2003) this is because the vertical specialization becomes viable and expands quickly when tariffs decreases below the low-level. The fall creates a nonlinearity reaction of trade to tariffs as companies’ fix more trade intermediaries once the tariffs fall below the critical level. Wage rate difference between the developed and developing worlds is contributing reasons to the fragmentation in production. For example, Arndt and Kierzkowski (2001) argue that in 1970’s wages in the Caribbean, and Latin America ranged between sixty and eighty percent below those of the United States. A similar trend was reflected in Eastern Europe countries where the labour force was skilled and educated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Fragm entation of Production specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the lower labour productivity in these countries, the unit labour costs remained below the figures in industrialized economies. Also, in spite of the rising demand of labour in developing countries such as China, a huge flow of labour from inland has been holding wages low. This situation has contributed to upholding the production cost disparity. Increasing labour productivity above the rate of wage increase continues to drive unit labour costs downwards. Most high wage countries have utilized this trend; hence, it is easy to reap the benefits of lower production costs and access emerging markets by moving labor-intensive production and assembly to low-wage countries. In the recent past, transport costs have decreased thereby making the world a global village. The decrease in transport costs has made it feasible to fragment production. For example, in comparison to ocean shippi ng, the air transport price has continued to decline (Cairncross, 1997). Thus, the long-distance freight costs have become affordable compared to short distance. Besides, land transport costs have fallen reasonably to maritime transport this has made it possible for fragmentation to occur at any place in the world (Arndt and Kierzkowski, 2001). Transport systems embrace the GPS technology. The technology allows organizations to oversee their road consignments and win efficient logistical control. This aids the fragmentation of value chains of countries involved in fragmentation. The role of government in strengthening fragmentation of production has been far reaching. They have provided trade policies and development that improves institutional frameworks. This has happened most in developing countries. The governments in these countries grant exceptional incentives to exporters. The incentives are given in rebates, export credits, tax holidays, tax refunds and political risk insura nce among other incentives (Wolfgang, 1984). In industrialized countries, there is the promotion of vertical integration. According to Grimwade (2000) the vertical integration strategy is achieved by embracing various programs and instruments such as tariff terms for international production sharing, outward FDI promotion and tariff escalation among other strategies. All these strategies are aimed at reducing the costs of production besides encouraging friendly environment for investment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, free trade zones have been widely encouraged to attract foreign entrepreneurs. A free trade zone is an institutional phenomenon that grants reduced bureaucratic regulation, lessens foreign exchange checks and provides appropriate infrastructure. According to ILO documents, globally, there were about 5,174 zones in 2004 (Welch et al, 2007). These zones employed 42 million people. The size and pace of free trade zone increase is also remarkable. Welch et al (2007) contends that, in 1986, only 176 free trade zones existed globally, but overtime, they rose up to 500 in 1995. Firms are sensitive on matters about property rights protection and process for contract enforcement in foreign countries. Most government has harmonised the legal environment in which international transactions occur, thus; the present legal environment is more predictable. Largely speaking, the political conditions globally have stabilized after long decades of crises; it has become more business fri endly. More countries have embraced democracy. The viability of fragmentation of product needs low risk of supply in a foreign country otherwise problems could bring the whole global production system to a standstill. These disruptions can be caused by failing legal disputes, political instability, shipping delays, strikes and lack of quality controls, among others. Hummels and Yi (2001) also note that the fragmentation of production may be increased competition. With the globalization of markets, easy access to information, reduced distances and political boundaries, business firms are increasingly feeling the impact of global competition. These pressures exerted on local industries have spurred increased off shoring as they are finding new ways to remain competitive (Krugman, 1995). Businesses have noted the advantages connected to first movers of the global transfer process. Therefore, they are compelled to reduce the functions that are carried out in high wage countries, thus re ducing costs. This strategy also grants them an opportunity to concentrate on their core competencies. Opportunities granted by global markets also increase trade openings for local- specialized industries; this makes fragmentation even finer. The growth of information and communication technologies over the last fifteen years has created more opportunities for fragmentation of a product. The technological shift, especially the reduction of communication costs, has contributed to shortening of distance. This has enabled the integration of distant operations, ship products and components around the globe to attain efficiency (Krugman, 1995). It has facilitated Just-In-Time production on an international scale, simplified management of global production standards and lessened communication costs. On an organizational perspective, logistics has been eased because of the developments in information and communication technology. The ICT has increased creation of warehousing and material handling, inventory management, real time shipment of finished products and planning and organization of supply chain activities. It is pertinent to note that besides promoting global fragmentation of goods production, ICT has simplified the tradability of services (Hummels and Yi, 2001). This is because, information can be readily digitized for storage while cheap and quick transportation facilitates real time exchange of digitized information as voice communication allows people located anywhere in the world to interact. ICT has allowed services that were considered â€Å"normal† to be disconnected and situated elsewhere. Importance of fragmentation of products to producers and consumers Fragmentation entails organization of production into different stages of production. Hence, different stages are shared among suppliers who are dispersed in different countries. Often, the products traded between organizations in different countries are typically components rather than the final products. In this sense, producers benefit by selling their products outside the home country where these products are assembled (Brakman, 2006). Thus, they benefit from selling the finished products at a higher price gaining a higher foreign exchange. For example, in China where fragmentation occurs on a high scale, their finished products are often sold to USA and Europe. These are potential markets which permit higher prices. Fragmentation strengthens the finished product through internationally recognized body. For example, Europe has notified standardization bodies such as the AFITI-LICOF. The body simplifies fragmentation process by performing tests basing on given standards. These standards allow the producers reduce product export and import time besides enhancing profit rise of host countries (Hummels and Yi, 2001). Fragmentation allows producers to decentralize their production processes. This strategy allows producers to reach more consumers and markets. Besides co nsumers benefitting from readily available products, producers through decentralization of the production activities reduces costs whereas increasing the profit (Brakman, 2006). Additionally, since production stages occur in more than one country, producers can create a trading bloc. This allows them to move phases of production beyond their borders. When different stages of production are located in places where each stage can be performed efficiently, then a producer’s profit is maximized. Fragmentation of products provides convenience for consumers to obtain a customized end product without the costs of handling at a traditional retail channel. For example, Cairncross (1997) illustrates that Levi- Strauss allows customers to order jeans tailored to an individual measurement at a click of a button. Davis Meyer (1998) also offers a similar customer experience with Dell. They argue that Dell computers accept its customers to skip the retail outlet and embrace the internet to request a customized computer. It is delivered in a matter of days thus saving a customer’s time. Conclusion A production procedure is said to be fragmented when it is divided into two or more stages that can be performed in different places, but leads to a similar product. The decision of some manufacturers locating production phases across the globe has been determined by several reasons. This has included the relative merits offered by the chosen countries. Among the reasons calling for this process is the difference in technology, labor cost, trade barriers and ready market among other reasons. When fragmentation does occur, the delocalization of the production slices is not necessarily persuaded by variation in technology, but it can take place because of the differences in the fixed labor overheads. Generally speaking, when the responsibility of intermediary goods is measured, trade course can emerge by the presence of a fixed cost-benefit and the definite permutation of stages of the production process occurring in diverse countries. References Cairncross, F., 1997. The Death of Distance. Boston: Harvard Business School Press Grimwade, N., 2000. International Trade: New Patterns of Trade, Production and Investment, New York, Routledge Hummels, D., J., and Yi, K.M. 2001. â€Å"The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade†, Journal of International Economics, 54(1):75-96. Krugman, P., 1995. â€Å"Growing world trade: Causes and consequences†, Brooking Papers on Economic Activity 1: 327-377. Shenkar, O., and Luo, Y., 2004, International Business, New Jersey, John Wiley Stan,D., and Meyer, C., 1998. Blur. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Reading Welch, L.S., Benito, G.R., Petersen, B., 2007. Foreign Operations Methods: Theory, Analysis, Strategy. Chelterham: Edward Elgar Publishing Wolfgang, M.,1984. â€Å"Endogenous Tariff Formation.† American Economic Review 74(5): 970–985. Yi, K.M. 2003. â€Å"Can Ver tical Specialization Explain the Growth of World Trade?†Ã‚  Journal of Political Economy, 111 (1): 52–102.

5 of the biggest motivation myths

5 of the biggest motivation myths Activate your potential for success! Seize the day! Everything is right there waiting for you! Motivational slogans can be very appealing. They tug at our best selves, suggesting that there’s a positive, productive human being just waiting to break free if we can just coax it out the right way. That sounds great, in theory- but in reality, a lot of this motivational-speak just doesn’t cut it. Let’s look at some of the bigger motivation myths floating out there that don’t really work as well as they promise.Myth: All you need is the right motivation!Motivation is great- it’s also not the only thing. If you want to be more productive and successful in your career, it’s important to make sure you’re building up your skills and experience in addition to doing those mega-positive self-affirmations in the mirror each morning. A positive outlook is great, but you need the goods to back it up if it’s going to propel you to doing great t hings.Myth: Just do your best.This is one we likely all heard as kids. Just try, and you’ll be great. While that works well for little kids, as an adult, it doesn’t do anything to push you beyond your level. As a professional adult, â€Å"do your best† is kind of like a participation trophy. If you truly want to motivate yourself, try to go beyond â€Å"this is what I think I can do† if you want to build ambition. In theory, you’re doing your best anyway- how does this motivate you to push yourself higher?Myth: Visualize what you want.Planning and goal-setting is a great way to get ahead. But if you’re just visualizing the end outcome (you standing on the Olympic podium, singing along with the national anthem), you’re missing out on the process it takes to get there (cut to a training montage of you sweating, swimming, drinking kale smoothies, and running up stairs, Rocky-style).Myth: You need to reward yourself to achieve your goals. I will forever defend the idea that a little #treatyoself is a necessary part of life. But you shouldn’t be setting your career goals and working toward them just because of the personal rewards or incentives you attach to them. And there’s the fact that it just doesn’t always work. Look at salespeople- most sales jobs have built-in commissions or incentives to perform well. Yet if rewards were all that are necessary to build motivation to achieve goals, then every salesperson would be performing at top capacity, all the time. Again, your career is a process, and incentives don’t always motivate you to do your best.Myth: Don’t think about setbacks.Setbacks are disappointing, but they can also be good motivators. If you understand why things went wrong, and take from it that crucial knowledge about what you can do better or differently the next time, that gives you motivation to make improvements and show that you can bounce back.The thing about mot ivation is that it’s totally unique to you- so platitudes only go so far. If you’re doing careful planning and embracing a high level of self-awareness, you’ll find what specifically works for you as you build your career and reach toward your goals.

CIPD DIPLOMA 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CIPD DIPLOMA 2 - Essay Example that encouraged two-way communication, hence giving the students an opportunity to participate in class, which contributed positively to the learning process. The learning institution had adequate classrooms, which ensured that the class had a reasonable number of students. Consequent to this, I was able to interact with all the students in the class at a personal level. This also helped me to form personal relationships with the students, thus making follow up very easy for me. More to this, I had enough instruction materials. This equipped me adequately as I was able to deliver the requirements of the sessions with much ease. Therefore, I handled the training successfully, thus accomplishing the objectives of the training. Successful learning requires the presence of a positive environment. I achieved this by setting rules and norms for the class. The rules and norms were set in collaboration with the students, which ensured that the students expressed how they wanted to be treated. I also got an opportunity to communicate amicably to the students on how I expected them to treat the learning sessions, hence gaining a common ground on how the sessions were to be conducted. This promoted a positive environment, as the sessions were orderly, and full of respect, which boosted the concentration of the students. Getting to nurture good relationships with the students also helped in creating a positive environment. I welcomed them to the class with a greeting each time we had a session, and took a few minutes to enquire on how they had been since our last session. This created a caring atmosphere, hence drawing the attention of the students to learn what I had for them. Additionally, I mastered the names of the students, and addressed them by their names, whenever I asked a question. More to these, I showed concern by asking about their personal lives from time to time, and encouraged them, whenever the need arose. This helped them develop positive feelings about

Different key factors that influence the failure of projects Essay

Different key factors that influence the failure of projects - Essay Example Industries view project failures as either a pathological state to be avoided or a logical problem of goal definition (Lindahl & Rehn, 2007). This paper will focus on the different key factors that influence the failure of projects especially on the field of information technology (IT). It will discuss the different stages in the project lifecycle and the possible areas of failures in each stage. Furthermore, the paper will tackle the concept of risk management and its benefits in a successful project development as well as in preventing failures. A successful risk management system incorporated in a project will create a programme for handling probable causes of project failures. IT projects fail when it does not meet one or more of its criteria for success. The criteria for successful IT projects are delivery on time, completion on or under budget, and satisfaction of user requirements. Only a few projects achieve all three (Grossman, 2003). In summary, failure can be defined as a system which does not perform as expected, not operational at a specified time and cannot be used in the way expected. There are four key factors that can be associated with project failures. These are design, data, cost and operations. A poor design phase can result in a system that does not match customer expectation, or fails to capture the basic business requirements. The data factor may include inaccurate, inconsistent, not available or incomplete information and records. The cost factor involves the operational costs to implement and run the system that far exceeds the identified business benefit. A survey showed that 35% of all major information systems projects are over budget, termed "runaways", such as the Stock Exchange Taurus Project and the London Ambulance Service (Flowers, 1996). Project Lifecycle The project lifecycle defines the beginning and the end of a project. It is a collection of generally sequential and sometimes overlapping project phases whose name and number are determined by the management and control needs of the organisation (Project Management Institute, Inc, 2008). It also determines which transitional actions are included and which are not in every stage of the project from beginning to end. It can be used to link the project to the ongoing operations of the organisation. (Choudhuri, 2005) The first phase of the lifecycle is the initiating process which involves those processes performed to define a new project by obtaining the authorization needed to start the project. The second phase is the planning process which includes those processes required in establishing the scope of the project, refining the objectives, and defining the course of action in order to attain the objectives of the project. The third phase is the executing process which encompasses those processes performed to complete the work defined and to satisfy project specifications. The fourth phase is the monitoring and controlling process which includes those processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project. The last phase is the closing process which considers those processes performed to finalise all activities to formally close the project. (Project Management Institute, Inc, 2008) Causes of Project Failures In every phase of the project

Learning & Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Learning & Development - Essay Example ave become increasingly varied, fluid and emergent as people make career decisions within a highly dynamic organizational, societal and global economic milieu’ Carter, Cook and Dorsey’s (2009, p. 12). As such, learning and development should be an integrative part in planning my career path to place me in the right track and to keep me always a valuable asset to my industry. In fact in the hospitality industry, hotels, themselves, aim to become learning organizations through constant coaching and self-development at all levels that one of the essential job descriptions of hotel employees is no other than for them to ensure their own learning and development; more than that, employees should ensure that what they learn is of high quality standards (Andrews 2009, p. 179). In short, employees are responsible for their own learning and development. They owe it first and foremost to their selves because today learning and development defines the future of employees in the or ganization; perhaps, this is true not only to employees but to organizations, themselves. Clearly so, learning and development is essential in defining one’s career path. Why this is so is the heart of this paper. To put matters in the right perspective, important terms, such as career, career path, career planning and development, and learning and development need to be defined. Career is viewed differently by many people. In fact according to Adams (1991, p. 3-5) since the 1960s defining this term has been a topic of many researches, yet until today, no single definition has been agreed upon. Nonetheless, Adams cited four basic definitions from which the term career can be understood. First, a career is viewed in relation to advancement. Meaning, a career is perceived as a sequence of upward or broadened movements in an employment’s hierarchical ladder during the time of one’s work life. Second, career is perceived in relation to a profession that allows promotions and advancements.

Nursing Informatics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Nursing Informatics - Assignment Example The act defines an e-signature as an â€Å"electronics sound, process or symbol attached to, or associated with a contract and adopted by an individual with the intent to record or sign†. In simple terms, an electronic signature can be a digitized image of handwritten signature or name that is placed on a document for example making a signature on a document using a mouse or using electronic touch pen to make a signature. A major limitation of electronic signature is that they do not have secure coding since somebody can tamper with it easily. Digital signature is described as a type of electronic signature that is more sophisticated and provides permanent information when used. Digital signature employs encryption/decryption technology that provides increased security associated with the signed document since it involves verification of authenticity of the signed record. Digital signature takes the form of the traditional paper-based signing and turns it into an electronic â€Å"fingerprint† or a coded message that is unique to both the signer and the document but its legally binding. Digital signature has helped several organizations and companies sustain the signer accountability, authenticity and integrity of the

Health Education Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Education Plan - Research Paper Example This will include measures to be taken to ensure that the education plan works efficiently. Background to the Hispanic Population in Philadelphia According to 2010 Census bureau, Philadelphia has a population of 1,526,006 consisting of Whites: 626,221; Blacks: 661,839; American Indian and Alaska Native: 6,0996; Asian: 96,405; Hispanic: 187,6111. Philadelphia can be regarded as of Delaware Valley’s economic and cultural center, home to over 6 million people and the country’s largest metropolitan area. According to the American Community Survey, the median income amounted to $36,669 and the median income for a family was $45,842. Philadelphia’s economic sectors include manufacturing, IT, food processing, oil refining, biotechnology, tourism and health care. The primary language spoken in Philadelphia is English with the second language most used at home being Spanish. Over the past two decades, the number of non-Hispanics whites in the city fell by 31.9 percent (Pe rez & Luquis, 2008) while the Hispanic population has increased by leaps and bounds with the biggest concentration getting noted in the Juanita/Feltonville section of the city. Identification of a Health Promotion Need As earlier indicated, this paper will discuss hypertension as a health promotion need to the Hispanic population of Philadelphia. ... One way that can be used to address the issue is through carrying out a health education plan that will seek to promote health on the Hispanic people in regard to hypertension (Perez & Luquis, 2008). About 65% of the Hispanic people in Philadelphia aged 60 and above have hypertension. Hypertension can, therefore, be associated with advanced age. The lifestyle of individual contributes to the chances of such a person getting health problems relating to hypertension. There is a need to educate the Hispanic people in Philadelphia about the need to adopt various health measures that will seek to promote their health in relation to hypertension. The draw to the city for this population has been the promise of economic prosperity and new opportunities. A major challenge to the provision of this health education to the Hispanic population of Philadelphia would be the apparent negligence of people to appreciate and adopt healthcare measures. This can be drawn from the little population of th e people that have taken insurance policies. As such, providing health education to such a population may be challenging considering the probability that most of this population may not be willing to receive such education (Bartholomew, 2011) Health Education Outcomes When carrying out a health education plan on the Hispanic people in Philadelphia, there are several outcomes that can be expected from such a plan. These outcomes should be considered before the plan gets formulated so that the plan will focus on their achievement. One such an outcome is an increase in the knowledge of the health problem. The health problem in this case is hypertension. When the education plan gets executed, people should get to have more knowledge of this health

Nursing Informatics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Nursing Informatics - Assignment Example The act defines an e-signature as an â€Å"electronics sound, process or symbol attached to, or associated with a contract and adopted by an individual with the intent to record or sign†. In simple terms, an electronic signature can be a digitized image of handwritten signature or name that is placed on a document for example making a signature on a document using a mouse or using electronic touch pen to make a signature. A major limitation of electronic signature is that they do not have secure coding since somebody can tamper with it easily. Digital signature is described as a type of electronic signature that is more sophisticated and provides permanent information when used. Digital signature employs encryption/decryption technology that provides increased security associated with the signed document since it involves verification of authenticity of the signed record. Digital signature takes the form of the traditional paper-based signing and turns it into an electronic â€Å"fingerprint† or a coded message that is unique to both the signer and the document but its legally binding. Digital signature has helped several organizations and companies sustain the signer accountability, authenticity and integrity of the

Social Work -- Process Recording Analysis Paper Research

Social Work -- Process Recording Analysis - Research Paper Example SW recognized the fact that she was able to turn up amidst her tight schedule. Personally, I believe that this was necessary to convince her to open up and freely share her situation. I would feel remorseful for her but would encourage her that everything is ok and things will work out. SW did little encouragement after appreciation of her time. I would encourage her that the experts are doing their best to see her through the recovery process. In administering the interview I would also be directed by the fact that she was recently treated for mood disorder and was on the process of recovering. I would consider that she might not come to the meeting because of her previous condition and personal dedication to the therapy session provided by the DSS where she works. This would be justified because she needs of source of income and is trying hard to recover from her condition and get back to her children, therefore, in case she did not turn up, I was not going to blame her. Instead, I would encourage her to keep attending the therapy sessions since it would help her regain her life, job and children. She told SW that she has no problem meeting him and discussing about the therapy session. SW introduced himself as one of the therapy group members of the DSS. I believe this would get her attention and probably she would be freer to talk. I think this was meant to introduce SW as one of the members of DSS and, therefore, eliminate the image of a stranger that would jeopardize the interview. I believe also that SW took a position that would encourage feeling like having someone to share her fears, dreams and expectation. This may be the reason that SW referred to Mr. G, the group leader. I would personally consider this position taken by SW because, according to me, it was the best way to get Linda to divulge information. SW went further to elaborate that Mr. G directed him to find out about her group that is regarded as the most

On the sidewalk bleeding Essay Example for Free

On the sidewalk bleeding Essay Sixteen year old, Andy Anderson, was found dead 3:00 am in the morning by his girlfriend Laura. Andy Anderson a member of a gang that refer to themselves as the ROYALS recently got stabbed by another gang group the GUARDIANS. This incident took place in a dark alley right in front Alfredo’s, a local corner store. The police think that andy was stabbed around 11:30 p.m. and slowly bled to death. He was stabbed with a knife just below his rib cage. Due to some evidences weve gathered at the scene and witnesses we spoke to, we have some major leads on this crime scene. Our first witness was a 32 year old man, luke lucas, who was sorry that he was too drunk to realize that andy was dying. â€Å" I only wish I would have been sober, I would of been able to help.† He said during his interview. Our next witnesses were two teens, they saw Andy lying down â€Å"on the sidewalk bleeding† and wanted to help †¦ until they saw his bright purple ROYALS jacket. The two teens did not want to get mixed up in between these two gangs. We are still asking them further questions on this because we feel that were not getting the whole story. This devastating tragic event really shows the extreme dangers of gang violence. When the police saw Andy’s ROYALS jacket that he had taken off, they knew that this wasnt just a random act of violence, and that this was a planned attack. What a price to pay for being in a teen death, what a tragedy. Police would like anyone with any kind of information with any kind of information to contact 69 division or to leave an anonymous tip for crime stoppers. Andy’s funeral will be held at Holy Redeemer Roman Catholic Churc h in Ottawa Sunday afternoon. Donations are being accepted by the Youth Services Bureau of Ottawa in the teen’s honour.

Serving the political objectives of the principal participants

Serving the political objectives of the principal participants The Korean War officially began on 25 Jun 1950 when forces of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK North Korea) invaded the Republic of Korea (ROK South Korea). After initial stunning successes by both sides, there then followed over 3 years of bloody conflict which ultimately ended in an uneasy status quo ante bellum which still persists. The central hypothesis to this paper is that the use of military force was an effective policy tool for all parties involved to meet defined political objectives. The degree of success that each state/organisation achieved will be examined in detail. This essay will be limited to analysing the conflicts immediate aftermath and will not consider events beyond the Geneva Conference in Apr 1954. Specifically, this essay will investigate the rationale that led the DPRKs leader (Kim Il Sung) to consider the use of military force to achieve his primary objective of unifying Korea. The causes of the Korean War will also be briefly examined to set analysis in context. Causes The decisive event that caused the Korean War was the decision by two US Army Colonels on 10 August 1945 to divide Korea at the 38th parallel  [1]  . The decision was taken on Aug 10 1945 and for no better reason than à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it would place the capital city [Seoul] in the American zone.  [2]  From the moment that the Korean partition decision was made public, the leaders of the DPRK and ROK were essentially determined to establish a unified country by diplomatic or military means. Indeed, many in the United States were worried that the ROK would invade the DPRK first, such was the bellicose rhetoric emanating from the ROK President Synghman Rhee. The dividing line on the 38th parallel did not have any historical significance to Koreans of any faction and the imposition of an arbitrary dividing line by the joint Soviet/United Commission in Korea came as a total shock  [3]  . Indeed, Bruce Cumings asserts that the interim United States occupation forces nearly became as unpopular as the newly ousted Japanese once the 38th Parallel decision became widely known  [4]  . It can therefore be argued that nascent nationalism, coupled with diametrically opposed ideologies and the unfortunate choice of an arbitrary dividing line provided the catalyst for the DPRK invasion of the ROK on 25 Jun 1950. It can also be postulated that Kim Il Sung was left with little option but to resort to military means to bring about his desired end state of unifying Korea. Military outcomes From its inception, the Korean War was viewed as a limited war by the principal combatants, who (albeit for different reasons) had no wish to see the conflict escalate into a wider conflagration. The military outcome of the Korean War was indeterminate, with neither side emerging as a clear victor. After the initial period of manoeuvre (from Jun 1950 Jun 1951) the Korean War settled into a stalemate reminiscent of World War 1 trench warfare. With neither side willing to escalate the conflict to gain a decisive edge, continued operations by UN and Communist forces essentially became a series of (relatively) pointless battles  [5]  in order to gain territory or exert political leverage at the Armistice negotiations in Panmunjom. When the Korean Armistice was formally signed on 27 Jul 1953, a heavily fortified Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was established following front line positions. Neither side could claim victory in the true sense of the word. Political and Strategic Objectives of the Soviet Union Due to chronic instability in the ROK, the Korean peninsula perhaps presented the best opportunity for a communist leaning buffer state to be established that would protect Soviet and Chinese borders from any perceived American threat. The northern portion of Korea was occupied by Soviet troops, who quickly moved to support indigenous communist orientated commissariats. Kim Il Sung emerged as the favoured choice of the Soviet leadership and the DPRK was established in 1948. Once it became clear that Korea would not be unified by political means alone, and the Soviet Union had successfully tested an atomic bomb, Stalin eventually gave his consent and backing to Kim Il Sung  [6]  to proceed with the invasion of the ROK, but was purportedly unwilling to widen the conflict and risk a wider war with the USA  [7]  . Stalin viewed the Korean conflict as a key part of a wider Soviet strategy to embroil the USA (and its allies) in a protracted struggle far away from what both sides regarded as the Centre of Gravity in Europe. In this the Soviets largely succeeded as the USA became wedded to the defence of the ROK on a point of principle after the DPRK invasion. Stalin also determined that it would be perhaps better for the Soviet Union to engage in conflict with the United States at an early juncture, rather than to wait for Germany and Japan to be re-armed, which would greatly increase Western military capability: [Stalin] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦added that even if the USA provoked a big war, let it take place now rather than a few years later, when Japanese militarism will be restored as an American ally, and when the United States and Japan will possess a military spring-board on the continent in the form of Rhees Korea.  [8]   The Soviet Unions relationship with China was crucial. Stalin viewed newly communist China as the junior partner in the communist world. While content to provide administrative, technical and planning advice, Stalin determined that the Soviet Union would not become overtly involved in any Korean conflict in order to avoid a direct confrontation with the United States. Kim Il Sung visited Moscow in Apr 1950; during this period, Stalin laid out the terms of any DPRK invasion of the ROK as: The Chinese (specifically Mao Zedong) must approve the invasion; The DPRK invasion must appear as a counter to an ROK move into the DPRK; and that Kim Il Sung would not be able to rely on overt Soviet support if the USA intervened, but would have to rely on Chinese support  [9]  . In essence, Stalin determined that there were great advantages to a conflict being fought by proxy between the fledgling communist Chinese state and the United States. A conflagration in Korea that pitted the United States against China would make any chance of rapprochement between the two states highly unlikely and would also fix American attention far from the Soviet vital ground in eastern Europe. Another key piece of evidence of Soviet strategy was revealed by the former Sovier premier Nikita Khrushchev. In his memoirs, Khrushchev gave an explanation of why Stalin decided to support Kim Il Sungs proposed invasion of the ROK. Khrushchev stated that when the United States Secretary of State (Dean Acheson) publicly stated that the ROK was outside of the United States Defence Perimeter  [10]  , this inadvertently sent a strong signal to Stalin that the ROK was a soft spot that was worth exploiting  [11]  . Stalin therefore reasoned that the United States would not commit forces to support the ROK regime in the event of a DPRK invasion  [12]  . Once it became clear that the Korean Peninsula would not be unified by diplomatic means, Stalin was content to sanction the use of military force (by his DPRK proxy) to bring about unification of Korea. The eventual outcome of the Korean War did not meet the Soviet primary political goal of establishing a communist, unified Korea as the eventual cease fire line ran almost exactly along the 38th parallel. Despite this, it can be argued that the Soviet Union greatly benefited from the outcomes of the Korean War. The United States was badly shaken by the Chinese intervention in Nov 1950  [13]  and the loss of American prestige was tangible when United Nations forces were forced into a pell-mell retreat south after the Chinese riposte in Nov 1950. The Korean War diverted the United States from what the Soviet Union determined as its vital ground in Europe. Korea also provided a means to test Soviet military capabilities in combat against the United States, especially in the air. Finally, Korea also allowed the Soviet Union to cement its relationship with China and prevent any rapprochement between China and the United States. The Soviet Union, by financing and supporting its Chinese and DPRK proxies was thus able to meet the majority of its aims, without becoming overtly involved in the fighting. On the minus side, Soviet support for the DPRK invasion unwittingly provided the justification for huge increases in United States military spending and the rearmament of West Germany and Japan. The Soviets were henceforth viewed as aggressors bent on spreading communism throughout the world, which the United States was clearly going to resist. United States Political Objectives and Strategy Prior to the outbreak of the Korean War, debate was intense as to how the United States should respond to the perception that Soviet aggression in Europe and elsewhere was on the increase. With memories of the Berlin Airlift still fresh and communist ideology seemingly in the ascendancy everywhere, US policy makers sought to determine what course the United States should follow in response to perceived Soviet aggression. A key strategy document outlined the United States response to the communist threat and was drafted in early Jan 1950 by the National Security Council (NSC). The resulting paper (NSC 68) aimed to define how the United States would respond to Soviet expansionist aims and also made predictions about the future nature of conflict between the superpowers in a bi-polar world post World War 2. While it was recognised that the main Soviet threat was most likely in Europe, NSC 68 recognised that the communist threat was global and would have to be countered. NSC 68 defined t he United States options as: Option 1: Maintain current policy; Option 2: Adopt an Isolationalist stance; Option 3: Go to war with the Soviet Union; Option 4: Fund and authorise a rapid build up of political, military and economic strength.  [14]   NSC 68 painted a dire picture of Soviet intentions and recommended that Option 4 was the preferred course to chart. The principal author (Paul H. Nitze) proposed radical steps, many of which were politically highly sensitive. Key recommendations were that West Germany should be rearmed as a priority and that a policy of Containment be adopted. Containment was defined as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦It is one which seeks by all means short of war to (1) block further expansion of Soviet power, (2) expose the falsities of Soviet pretensions, (3) induce a retraction of the Kremlins control and influence, and (4) in general, so foster the seeds of destruction within the Soviet system that the Kremlin is brought at least to the point of modifying its behaviour to conform to generally accepted international standards  [15]  . President Harry S. Truman was presented with the conclusions from NSC 68 in Apr 1950. Its findings placed Truman in a dilemma; although the United States still had many more nuclear weapons than the Soviet Union,  [16]  the United States could not afford the increase in conventional military spending and support to European nations proposed by the paper. The United States Congress had strongly opposed increased military spending in favour of more spending within the United States. A fierce debate thus raged in the United States as to how perceived Soviet aggression should be responded to. United States policy towards the ROK was somewhat haphazard. As already mentioned, Acheson had publicly stated that the ROK was outside of the United States Defence Perimeter and relations with Rhee were often difficult given his bellicose nature and frequent outbursts about reunifying Korea by force. This prompted the US Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) to press for remaining US troops to be withdrawn in order to concentrate on more important commitments elsewhere. The last US troops were withdrawn late in 1949, which again seemed to signal to Kim Il Sung and Stalin that the United States would not intervene in the event of an invasion of the ROK. Meanwhile, the debate over the implications of NSC 68 continued to rage in Washington, with those in favour of increasing military spending gaining little traction in the face of harsh budget realities. The invasion of the ROK on 25 Jun 1950 was greeted with shock in Washington and no doubt a degree of satisfaction by those that had signposted the Soviet inspired communist threat. American policy was thus immediately polarised and global US Political objectives were quickly wedded to the idea of Containment. The DPRK invasion of the ROK acted as an accelerant that ignited the United States commitment to defending what it perceived as the free nations of the world. Due to an ongoing Soviet boycott of the Untied Nations, the United States was able to secure the UNs approval for the use of force and quickly committed substantial forces in support of the United Nations Command (UNC) in order to restore ROK sovereign territory. With the support of the UN and the containment of DPRK forces at Pusan, many in the United States began to call for a more aggressive strategy to Rollback communism. The United States implemented its Rollback strategy in Korea after the successful landings at Inchon on 15 Sep 1950 had severed DPRK supply routes and seen communist forces retreat in disarray back over the 38th parallel. UN Security Council Resolutions 82 85 condemned DPRK actions and eventually gave UNC forces authority to proceed north across the 38th parallel with the express intent of removing Kim Il Sung and reunifying Korea as a nation state. What set out as an ideological stance taken in Washington to Rollback communism was thus implemented in reality i n Korea, with poor results after decisive Chinese intervention. While it will be debated later in this essay if the UNC advance precipitated Chinas entry into the conflict, it certainly was a contributory factor. The United States was justified to seek UN approval to use force to restore ROK territorial integrity; Containment was a valid political objective that justified the use of force in response to the perceived Soviet threat. The Rollback strategy was (with hindsight) unjustifiable and did not warrant the use of force in a vain attempt to unify Korea. Overall, and despite the ambiguity of its outcome, the Korean War had important implications for American foreign policy. In the short-term, the conflict globalized the policy of containment and was the impetus for vastly increased Defence spending and extensive US military deployments in Europe and elsewhere. The Korean War deepened the United States already combative relationship with the Soviet Union and effectively scuppered any possibility of cordial diplomatic relations with Communist China for twenty years. The outcome of the Korean War was satisfactory for the United States. Communist advances had been contained and the ROK preserv ed as a bulwark against communism in Asia. Korea also had a far ranging impact on US policy and the policy of containment was to be applied to South Vietnam with disastrous results. China In Apr 1949, the Chinese Civil War ended in the decisive defeat of the Chinese Nationalists. A newly unified China under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong was keen to assert much greater influence in the region and this was to be a critical factor for the duration of the Korean War. United States support for the remnants of the Chinese Nationalist regime in Taiwan continued to be a major source of friction between the United States and China and was an underlying theme that determined Chinese political and strategic objectives in the region. As a result of the United States overt support of the Nationalist regime and the lack of Chinese counters to US military strength (particularly Naval), Mao was keen to determine if there was an indirect means to confront the United States and perhaps even extract concessions over the future of the Nationalist redoubt in Taiwan. Chinas decision to enter the Korean War was determined by Chinese leaders interpretation of Chinas security interests and their judgment as to how Chinas security would be affected by entering the conflict. At this early juncture after the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War, the Chinese leadership was highly sensitive as to how Chinas stature, capability and willingness to defend its position were perceived by outsiders and particularly the West. China had suffered greatly at the hands of Great Britain and the USA and others during a prolonged period of foreign intervention in its affairs and Mao determined at an early stage that China would become involved in a Korean conflict if the situation dictated  [17]  . Once UN Forces crossed the 38th parallel in force and the Rollback strategy was openly advocated by the United States, the Rubicon was clearly crossed for the Chinese leadership and in particular Mao Zedong leaving them little choice but to act to defend its interests in the region. In essence, if all of Korea was occupied by UNC forces, then this would (in the eyes of the Chinese leadership) create a fatal danger to the fledgling Chinese revolution. Chinas use of force to meet its strategic objectives was fully justified in the minds of the Chinese leadership. The sanctity of the Chinese revolution appeared to be under threat once Rollback gained significant support in the UN. It can also be argued that Mao saw a fleeting opportunity for China to deal an embarrassing blow to UN Forces by committing large numbers of Chinese volunteers at a decisive moment in the campaign. By committing Chinese forces to an ideological struggle such as Korea, Maos reasoning can be assessed as sound; China would bolster its credibility within communist circles and perhaps emerge from the conflict as a beacon for other fledgling communist states so long as the west was prevented from securing success in Korea. Underlying much of Chinese strategic thought was the possibility that prolonged involvement in any Korean conflict had the potential to secure concessions from the United States over the future of Japan and crucially Taiwan. Chinese intransige nce during the later stages of the Korean War can be attributed to not wishing to terminate the conflict until a more favourable situation had been achieved by communist forces and also Stalins wish to prolong the conflict to keep the USA involved in a peripheral action. DPRK Strategy and Political Objectives DPRK strategy was relatively simple once the division of Korea became permanent. Under the shrewd leadership of Kim Il Sung, the DPRK charted a course that played the Soviet Union and China off each other in order to serve the DPRKs best interests. Once any hope of a diplomatic solution had vanished to unify Korea, Kim Il Sung determined that a narrow window of opportunity existed for the military unification of Korea. Indeed, the DPRKs invasion of the ROK perhaps provides the best example of Clausewitzs dictum à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that war is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of political commerce, a carrying out of the same by other means  [18]  . On 7 March 1949, while talking to Stalin in Moscow Kim Il Sung said: We believe that the situation makes it necessary and possible to liberate the whole country through military means. The Soviet leader apparently disagreed, citing the military weakness of the North, the Soviet-USA agreement on the 38th parallel division and the possibility of American intervention if the DPRK intervened militarily in the ROK. Stalin added that only if the ROK/USA attacked Pyongyang could the DPRK try military reunification by launching a counterattack. Then, the Kremlin chief explained, your move will be understood and supported by everyone.  [19]  On 17 January 1950, Kim Il Sung complained to the Soviet ambassador Shtykov: I cant sleep at night because I am thinking of the unification of the whole country. If the cause is postponed, then I may lose the confidence of the Korean people. Kim Il Sung apparently requested permission to make a new visit to the USSR to receive orders and permission fr om Stalin for the offensive  [20]  . This is a key point; for Kim Il Sung, the war was as much about maintaining popular consent for his regime as it was for unifying Korea. The DPRK was essentially justified in resorting to the use of force in its attempt to unify Korea. This is a contentious point of view, but it can be argued that as the Korean War was essentially a civil war, then once diplomatic means had been exhausted, the only way left to Sung was to exhort the Soviet Union and China to support a military endeavour to unify the Korean peninsula. It could also be argued that had the ROK not been supported by the United States, then the ideological and nationalist tensions in Korea would have played out after a period of internal wrangling. Korea would have likely emerged after the end of the Cold War as a stable, unified state that would have been open to capitalist influence (like many former Warsaw Pact states) and not the insular, paranoid autocracy that still persists. The outcomes of the Korean War essentially did not meet the primary aim of the DPRK to unify Korea, but did ensure the continued support and investment of the Soviet Union and C hina, much as the United States supported the ROK. ROK Political and Strategic objectives ROK strategy was again relatively simple. By continually agitating against the communist DPRK regime, Rhee hoped to draw the United States into a Korean Civil War in order to enable the unification of Korea by force. Many accounts of the time place the blame squarely on the DPRK for invading the ROK, but this is too simplistic. Rhee continually blustered that he would lead an ROK invasion of the DPRK to reunite Korea. On a visit with The US Secretary of State (John Foster Dulles) a reporter (William Mathews of the Arizona Daily Star) recorded that: He [Rhee] is militantly for the unification of Korea. Openly says it must be brought about soonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Rhee pleads justice of going into North country. Thinks it could succeed in a few days à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[I]f he can do it with our help, he will do it  [21]  . Rhee was an ardent nationalist and was clearly set on reuniting Korea by any means, so long as he had the support of the United States to do so. ROK forces were responsibl e for repeated violations of the 38th parallel and ROK initiated artillery exchanges were commonplace from Spring 1949 onwards  [22]  . Continued United States military support was thus at times difficult to justify in the face of pressing commitments elsewhere and the Joint Chiefs of Staff finally withdrew all but a token force of advisors in late 1949  [23]  . The primary political objective of the ROK can thus be clearly identified as seeking to secure and maintain United States military, economic and political involvement in the ROK. In this, the Rhee regime was entirely successful as the Korean War precipitated massive United States military, economic and political support which extends to the present day. Indeed, the prolonged nature of the conflict served to ensure that the Korean conflict was centre stage of the Truman/Eisenhower Presidential Election. Rhee and his regime survived the war intact and the experience of the conflict had a direct influence on ROK politics for two generations with successive semi military dictatorships controlling ROK affairs. The United Nations Facing its sternest test, the United Nations had weathered a challenge, which, if unanswered, might have resulted in disaster and eventual disintegration. Under the U.N. flag, the original objective of the intervention in Korea-halting Communist aggression-had been successfully carried out and the independence of its foster child, the Republic of Korea, had been preserved. This practical demonstration of how the United Nations could function when peace was threatened greatly enhanced the prestige of the organization and established a precedent for future U.N. military action if the need should again arise. The effort had not been given unanimous support by U.N. members, it is true, but twentyone nations had contributed forces of one kind or another to sustain the U.N. decision. Although many of these countries had supplied only small token units, the mere fact that they had participated at all was encouraging, since it indicated their belief in the U.N. and their willingness to put teeth in the enforcement provisions of its charter. The Korean War marked a real departure from the dismal experience of the League of Nations in this respect. Conclusions